1. Passive Voice
Exercise 35
1) The president is called by somebody every day.
2) The other members are being called by John.
3) Mr. Watson will be called by somebody tonight.
4) Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
5) The supplies should be bought by the teacher for this class.
2. Causative Verb
Execise 36 Page 135
1. The techer made Juan leave (leave) the room.
2. Toshiko had her car repaired (repair) by a mechanic.
3. Ellen got marvin to type (type) her paper.
4. I made Jane call (call) her friend on the telephone.
5. We got our house to paint (paint) last week.
6. Dr. Bryd is having the students written (write) a composition.
7. The policemen made the suspect lain (lie) on the ground.
8. Mark got his transcripts to send (send) to university.
9. Maria is getting her hair to cut (cut) tomorrow.
10. We will have to get the Dean signed (sign) this form.
11. The teacher let Al leave (leave) the classroom.
12. Maria got Ed to wash (wash) the pipettes.
13. She always has her car fixed (fix) by the same mechanic.
14. Gene got his book to publish (publish) by a subsidy publisher.
15. We have to help Janet found (find) her keys.
Article
PASSIVE VOICE
Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction(bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.
Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subjectberhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.
Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
Description: passive voice
Catatan:
· Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antaraprimary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
· Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.
Contoh:
She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)
· Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atau irregular.
Contoh:
play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
the books
Were
edited
The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh:
· I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
· The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.
CAUSATIVE VERBS
Pengertian Causative Verb
Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa subject tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi melainkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang lain yang melakukan aksi tersebut.
Fungsi & Rumus Causative Verbs
· Kalimat causative verb terbagi menjadi 2 macam, yaitu active (aktif) dan passive (pasif). Pada kalimat active causative verb, agent yang mengerjakan aksi diketahui. Sebaliknya, pada kalimatpassive causative verb, agent biasanya tidak disebutkan.
· Let, make, have, & get merupakan causative verb yang umum digunakan, ada yang menggunakan action verb berupa bare infinitive (infinitive without to) dan ada pula yang to infinitive.
Adapun fungsi dan rumus secara umum sebagai berikut.
Verb
Fungsi
Rumus Active & Passive Causative
Let
membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Active:
S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + …
Make
memaksa atau sangat menyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu
Active:
S + (make-made) + agent + action verb (bareinfinitive) + …
Have
menginginkan seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek
Active:
S + (have-had) + agent + action verb (bareinfinitive) + object
Passive:
S + (have-had) + object + action verb (V-3)
Get
mirip dengan have namun dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda
Active:
S + (get-got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) + …
Passive:
S + (got) + object + action verb (V-3)
Contoh Causative Verbs: Active dan Passive
Beberapa contoh causative verb pada struktur active maupun passive adalah sebagai berikut.
Rumus
Verbs
Contoh Causative Verbs
Active Causative Verbs
have-had
Lala had her friend take her result test.
The student had the teacher speak slowly.
get-got
She got her parents to buy her a tennis racket.
The boy got his cat to chase a mouse.
make-made
The woman made her daughter eat up the tomatoes.
The manager makes her staff work hard.
Let
My father lets me choose my own future carrier.
The shepherd lets his sheep graze in the meadow.
Passive Causative Verbs
have-had
I had my house renovated last week.
He had his book returned as soon as possible.
get-got
Teddy got the money saved in the bank.
Yulia got her bedroom cleaned.
NAMA : Teguh Wicaksono
NPM : 27211067
KELAS : 3EB12
